jovan| Consonants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
Examples | English approximation |
| DE | AT | CH | ||
| b | bei[1] | ball | ||
| ç | ich, durch; China (DE) | hue | ||
| d | dann[1] | done | ||
| f | für, von, Phänomen | fuss | ||
| ɡ | gut[1] | guest | ||
| h | hat | hut | ||
| j | Jahr | yard | ||
| k | kann, Tag,[2] cremen, sechs | cold | ||
| l | Leben | last | ||
| l̩ | Mantel | bottle | ||
| m | Mann | must | ||
| m̩ | Atem | rhythm | ||
| n | Name | not | ||
| n̩ | beiden, küssen | suddenly | ||
| ŋ | lang | long | ||
| p | Person, ab[2] | puck | ||
| pf | Pfeffer | roughly like cupful | ||
| ʁ | r | reden[3] | DE: French rouge AT, CH: red (Scottish) |
|
| s | lassen, Haus, groß | fast | ||
| ʃ | schon, Stadt, Champagner, Ski | shall | ||
| t | Tag, und, Stadt[2] | tall | ||
| ts | Zeit, Platz, Potsdam, Celle | cats | ||
| tʃ | Matsch | match | ||
| v | was,[1] Vase, Etui | vanish | ||
| x | nach | loch (no lock–loch merger) | ||
| z | Sie, diese[1] | zebra | ||
| ʔ | beamtet[4] ([bəˈʔamtət]) |
the glottal stops in uh-oh! | ||
| Non-native consonants | ||||
| dʒ | Cem, Dschungel[1][5] | jungle | ||
| ʒ | Genie[1][5] | pleasure | ||
| Stress | ||||
| ˈ | Bahnhofstraße ([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə]) |
as in battleship /ˈbætəlˌʃɪp/ | ||
| ˌ | ||||
| Vowels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Examples | English approximation |
| DE | AT | CH | ||
| Monophthongs | ||||
| a | alles, Kalender | father, but short | ||
| aː | aber, sah, Staat | father, but long | ||
| ɛ | Ende, hätte | bet | ||
| ɛː | spät, wählen[6] | RP hair | ||
| eː | eben, Pferd, gehen, Meer | mate | ||
| ɪ | ist, bitte | sit | ||
| iː | liebe, Berlin, ihm | seed | ||
| ɔ | Osten, kommen | off | ||
| oː | oder, hohe, Boot | RP law | ||
| œ | öffnen | somewhat like hurt | ||
| øː | Österreich | somewhat like heard | ||
| ʊ | und | push | ||
| uː | Hut, Kuh | food | ||
| ʏ | müssen, Ypsilon | somewhat like cute | ||
| yː | über, Mühe | somewhat like few | ||
| Diphthongs | ||||
| aɪ | ein, Kaiser, Haydn, Verleih | high | ||
| aʊ | auf, Haus | vow | ||
| ɔʏ | Euro, Häuser | roughly like choice | ||
| Reduced vowels | ||||
| ɐ | ər | immer[3] | nut or sofa (but not balance)[7] CH: Scottish butter |
|
| ə | Name | balance (but not sofa)[7] | ||
| Semivowels | ||||
| ɐ̯ | r | Uhr[3] | DE, AT: sofa CH: Scottish far |
|
| i̯ | Studie | yard | ||
| u̯ | aktuell | would | ||
| Non-native vowels | ||||
| ãː | Gourmand[8] | French Provence | ||
| ɛ̃ː | Pointe[8] | French quinze | ||
| ɛɪ | Mail[9] | roughly like face | ||
| õː | Garçon[8] | French Le Monde | ||
| ɔʊ | Code[9] | American goat | ||
| œ̃ː | Parfum[8] | French emprunte | ||
| œːɐ̯ | øːr | O2 World[10] | roughly like RP bird | |
| Shortened vowels | ||||
| ã | engagieren[8] | French chanson | ||
| ɛ̃ | impair[8] | French vingt-et-un | ||
| e | Element[11] | dress | ||
| i | Italien[11] | teach, but short | ||
| o | originell[11] | RP thought, but short | ||
| õ | foncé[8] | French Mont Blanc | ||
| œ̃ | Lundist[8] | French vingt-et-un | ||
| ø | Ökonom[11] | somewhat like hurt | ||
| u | Universität[11] | truth, but short | ||
| y | Psychologie[11] | like meet, but short and with the lips rounded | ||